郭岱宗(英文系退休副教授)
文法不難
完成式、完成進行式、完成被動式(二)
1.只要「在一段時間之內」,「一直」在…,就是「完成進行式」,是一種「強調」的語氣:have been+ing
2.同樣的,「在一段時間內」,「被」…,就是「完成被動式」,它和「完成進行式」只有一字之差,進行是"ing",被動是"p.p":have been+p.p
例:
1.這一年來,我「一直」在努力。(現在完成進行)
I have been working hard during this year.
2.2000到2010之前,我一直很努力。(過去完成進行)
I had been working hard from 2000 to 2010.
例:1.他們的問題已經至今「被」探討至少五次了。(現在完成被動)
Their problem has been discussed at least five times.
2.他們的問題在上學期之中已被探討至少五次了。(過去完成被動)
Their problem had been discussed at least five times during last semester.
二、請填入正式文法,訂正後朗讀三遍
1.她在1998到2002年之間住在臺中(過去完成)
She ____ ____ in Taichung from 1998 to 2002.
2.她在1998到2002年之間,「一直」就住在台中(過去完成進行式)
She____ ____ ____ in Taichung from 1998 to 2002.
3.這篇文章至今已「被」重寫三次了(現在完成被動)
This article____ ____ ____ three times.
4.我至今都「一直」在等待機會(現在完成進行)
I ____ ____ ____ for the opportunity.
5.我的手機在賣給你之前已經「被」修理好了(過去完成被動)
My cell phone ____ ____ ____ before you____ it.
三、答案
1. had lived
2. had been living
3. has been rewritten
4. have been waiting
5. had been repaired, bought